Sida cordifolia
Chemical / Technical Name:
Sida cordifolia L. — Family: Malvaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Bala, Country Mallow, Heart-leaved Sida, Khareti, Bariyar
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Whole plant / Leaves / Roots / Seeds / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Alkaloids (ephedrine, pseudoephedrine – trace levels depending on origin & processing)
Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol derivatives)
Sterols (β-sitosterol)
Saponins
Mucilage polysaccharides
Phenolic compounds

Shorea robusta (often written as Shoria robusta)
Chemical / Technical Name:
Shorea robusta Gaertn. — Family: Dipterocarpaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Sal Tree, Shala, Sakhua, Sakhu, Indian Sal
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Pharmaceutical- & cosmetic-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Resin (Sal dammar) / Bark / Leaves / Seeds (fat) / Powder / Extract / Fixed oil (Sal butter)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Triterpenoids (shoreic acid, asiatic-type triterpenes)
Resin acids and dammar resins
Polyphenols and tannins (bark & leaves)
Fatty acids (stearic, oleic, palmitic acids – seed fat)
Sterols and phenolic compounds

Setaria italica
Chemical / Technical Name:
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. — Family: Poaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Foxtail Millet, Italian Millet, Kangni (Hindi), Thinai (Tamil), Kakum, Navane
Category:
Botanical raw material / Cereal-based nutraceutical ingredient / Functional food component
Raw Material Type:
Seeds (grains) / Flour / Powder / Extract (aqueous or enzymatic fractions)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Complex carbohydrates (slow-digesting starch)
Dietary fiber (soluble & insoluble)
Proteins (rich in methionine and cysteine compared to other cereals)
Polyphenols and flavonoids
Minerals (iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc)
B-vitamins (niacin, thiamine)

Sesamum indicum (Sesame / Til)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sesame, Til, Gingelly, Benne, Simsim
Family: Pedaliaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seed, Seed Powder, Seed Extract, Cold-Pressed Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Sesamin, Sesamolin, Sesamol (lignans), Tocopherols (Vitamin E), Polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-6), Phytosterols, Minerals (Calcium, Iron, Magnesium)

Scindapsus officinalis (Gajapippali)
Common / Alternative Names:
Gajapippali, Elephant Pepper
Family: Araceae
Raw Material Type:
Dried Fruit / Spadix, Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Alkaloids, Volatile oils, Piperidine-type compounds, Resinous principles

aussurea lappa (Kuth / Costus Root)
Common / Alternative Names:
Kuth, Costus Root, Indian Costus, Kushta
Family: Asteraceae
Raw Material Type:
Root, Root Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Sesquiterpene lactones (Costunolide, Dehydrocostus lactone), Alkaloids, Essential oils, Resins

Saraca asoca (Ashoka Tree)
Common / Alternative Names:
Ashoka, Asoka, Ashok Briksha
Family: Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae)
Raw Material Type:
Bark (Primary), Flowers, Leaves; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Tannins, Glycosides, Phenolic compounds, Catechins

Santalum album (Indian Sandalwood)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sandalwood, Chandan, White Sandalwood
Family: Santalaceae
Raw Material Type:
Heartwood, Wood Powder, Essential Oil (Steam Distilled)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
α-Santalol, β-Santalol, Sesquiterpenes, Phenolic compounds

Salacia chinensis (Saptarangi / Chinese Salacia)
Common / Alternative Names:
Saptarangi, Chinese Salacia, Ponkoranti, Saptrangi
Family: Celastraceae
Raw Material Type:
Root, Stem, Bark; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Salacinol, Kotalanol, Mangiferin, Polyphenols, Flavonoids

Salix alba (White Willow)
Common / Alternative Names:
White Willow, Willow Bark
Family: Salicaceae
Raw Material Type:
Bark; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Salicin, Salicylates, Flavonoids, Polyphenols, Tannins

Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sugarcane, Ganna, Ikshu
Family: Poaceae
Raw Material Type:
Stem (Juice), Juice Concentrate, Dry Powder, Extract, Jaggery (Unrefined)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Organic acids, Minerals (Iron, Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium)

Saccharum spp. (Sugarcane – Genus Overview)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sugarcane, Ganna, Ikshu
Family: Poaceae
Raw Material Type:
Stem (Cane), Juice, Juice Concentrate, Dry Powder, Extract, Molasses, Jaggery
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Organic acids, Minerals (Iron, Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium)

Roscoea procera (Kakoli / Indian Roscoea)
Common / Alternative Names:
Kakoli, Indian Roscoea
Family: Zingiberaceae
Raw Material Type:
Rhizome / Tuber, Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Glycosides, Starches, Trace alkaloids

Rosa alba (White Rose)
Common / Alternative Names:
White Rose, Safed Gulab
Family: Rosaceae
Raw Material Type:
Flowers (Petals), Flower Powder, Flower Extract, Rose Water, Rose Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins (trace), Tannins, Volatile aromatic compounds

Ricinus communis (Castor / Eranda)
Common / Alternative Names:
Castor, Castor Bean, Eranda
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seeds (Processed), Seed Oil (Castor Oil), Leaf, Root; Oil, Powder, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Ricinoleic acid (major fatty acid), Triglycerides, Flavonoids, Alkaloids (trace)

Rhus parviflora (Indian Sumac / Taatri)
Common / Alternative Names:
Indian Sumac, Taatri, Taitri
Family: Anacardiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruits (Berries), Leaves; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Tannins, Flavonoids, Organic acids, Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins

Pyrus communis (Pear)
Common / Alternative Names:
Pear, European Pear
Family: Rosaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruit, Fruit Powder, Fruit Juice Concentrate, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Dietary fiber (Pectin), Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Vitamin C, Organic acids (malic, citric), Natural sugars

Pyrus malus (Apple)
Common / Alternative Names:
Apple
Family: Rosaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruit, Fruit Powder, Juice Concentrate, Extract (including Apple Cider Vinegar derivatives)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Pectin (soluble fiber), Polyphenols (Quercetin, Catechins), Flavonoids, Vitamin C, Organic acids (malic acid), Natural sugars

Ranunculus sceleratus (Celery-leaved Buttercup)
(Often written as Ranunculus scleratus in trade lists)
Common / Alternative Names:
Celery-leaved Buttercup, Marsh Buttercup
Family: Ranunculaceae
Raw Material Type:
Whole Herb (Aerial Parts); Dry Powder, Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Protoanemonin (from ranunculin), Flavonoids, Glycosides, Phenolic compounds

Raphanus sativus (Radish / Mooli)
Common / Alternative Names:
Radish, Mooli, Daikon
Family: Brassicaceae
Raw Material Type:
Root, Seeds; Dry Powder, Standardized Extract, Juice Powder
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Glucosinolates (Raphanin), Isothiocyanates, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, Dietary fiber

Pueraria tuberosa (Vidarikand / Indian Kudzu)
Common / Alternative Names:
Vidarikand, Indian Kudzu, Vidari
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Tuber (Root), Tuber Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Isoflavonoids (Puerarin, Daidzein, Genistein), Starches, Flavonoids, Triterpenoids

Pterospermum acerifolium (often listed/traded as Pterospermum cerifolium)
(Muchukunda / Bayur Tree)
Common / Alternative Names:
Muchukunda, Bayur Tree, Kanak Champa (regional)
Family: Malvaceae (formerly Sterculiaceae)
Raw Material Type:
Bark (Primary), Flowers, Leaves; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Tannins, Phenolic compounds, Glycosides, Triterpenoids

Pterocarpus santalinus (Red Sandalwood / Rakta Chandan)
Common / Alternative Names:
Red Sandalwood, Rakta Chandan, Red Saunders
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Heartwood, Wood Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Santalins (A & B), Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Isoflavones

Pterocarpus marsupium (Indian Kino / Vijaysar)
Common / Alternative Names:
Vijaysar, Indian Kino Tree, Malabar Kino
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Heartwood, Bark; Wood Powder, Chips, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Pterostilbene, Marsupsin, Epicatechin, Flavonoids, Tannins

Prunus domestica (often written/traded as Prunus domestika)
(Plum)
Common / Alternative Names:
Plum, European Plum, Aloo Bukhara
Family: Rosaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruit, Fruit Powder, Juice Concentrate, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Dietary fiber (Sorbitol, Pectin), Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Vitamin C, Vitamin K, Potassium, Organic acids

Prunus cerasoides (Wild Himalayan Cherry / Padam)
Common / Alternative Names:
Padam, Himalayan Wild Cherry, Indian Cherry
Family: Rosaceae
Raw Material Type:
Bark, Fruit; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Glycosides, Tannins, Organic acids

Prunus amygdalus (Almond)
Common / Alternative Names:
Almond, Badam, Sweet Almond
Family: Rosaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seed (Kernel), Kernel Powder, Cold-Pressed Oil, Defatted Powder, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Monounsaturated fatty acids (Oleic acid), Linoleic acid, Protein, Vitamin E (Tocopherols), Polyphenols, Minerals (Calcium, Magnesium)

Prosopis spicigera (correct botanical name: Prosopis cineraria)
(Khejri / Shami Tree)
Common / Alternative Names:
Khejri, Shami, Jand
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Bark, Leaves, Pods; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, Phenolic compounds, Proteins, Minerals

Portulaca oleracea (Purslane / Kulfa)
Common / Alternative Names:
Purslane, Kulfa, Loni Bhaji
Family: Portulacaceae
Raw Material Type:
Whole Herb (Aerial Parts), Leaves & Stems; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Omega-3 fatty acids (ALA), Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Polysaccharides, Vitamins (A, C, E), Minerals (Magnesium, Potassium, Iron)

Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Kshirakakoli / Curled Solomon’s Seal)
Common / Alternative Names:
Kshirakakoli, Curled Solomon’s Seal
Family: Asparagaceae (formerly Liliaceae)
Raw Material Type:
Rhizome, Rhizome Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Steroidal saponins, Polysaccharides, Mucilage, Flavonoids, Trace alkaloids

Pongamia pinnata (often written/traded as Pongania pinnorta)
(Karanja / Indian Beech)
Common / Alternative Names:
Karanja, Indian Beech, Honge
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seeds, Seed Oil (Karanja Oil), Bark, Leaves; Oil, Powder, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Karanjin, Pongamol, Flavonoids, Fixed oils, Triterpenoids

Podophyllum hexandrum (syn. Podophyllum emodi)
(Indian Podophyllum / Himalayan Mayapple)
Common / Alternative Names:
Indian Podophyllum, Himalayan Mayapple, Ban Kakri
Family: Berberidaceae
Raw Material Type:
Rhizome & Root; Dry Powder, Standardized Extract (controlled use)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Podophyllotoxin, Deoxypodophyllotoxin, Lignans, Flavonoids

Pistacia vera (Pistachio)
Common / Alternative Names:
Pistachio, Pista
Family: Anacardiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Nut (Kernel), Kernel Powder, Paste, Oil, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Healthy fats (MUFA & PUFA), Plant protein, Dietary fiber, Phytosterols, Polyphenols, Tocopherols (Vitamin E), Carotenoids (Lutein, Zeaxanthin), Minerals (Potassium, Magnesium)

Pistacia lentiscus (Mastic Tree / Mastiha)
Common / Alternative Names:
Mastic Tree, Mastiha, Lentisk
Family: Anacardiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Resin (Mastic Gum), Leaf, Essential Oil, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Triterpenic acids (Masticadienonic acid), Essential oils (α-pinene, β-myrcene), Polyphenols, Flavonoids

Pistacia integerrima (Karkatshringi / Crab’s Claw)
Common / Alternative Names:
Karkatshringi, Crab’s Claw, Kakra Singhi
Family: Anacardiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Galls (Primary), Leaves; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Tannins, Terpenoids, Phenolic compounds, Essential oils (trace)

Piper cubeba (Cubeb Pepper / Kabab Chini)
Common / Alternative Names:
Cubeb Pepper, Kabab Chini, Java Pepper
Family: Piperaceae
Raw Material Type:
Dried Fruits (Berries), Fruit Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Cubebin, Cubebol, Volatile oils (sesquiterpenes), Lignans, Flavonoids, Resins

Physalis alkekengi (Winter Cherry / Chinese Lantern)
Common / Alternative Names:
Winter Cherry, Chinese Lantern, Bladder Cherry
Family: Solanaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruit (Berry), Calyx, Whole Aerial Parts; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Physalins (steroidal lactones), Flavonoids, Withanolides (trace), Carotenoids, Phenolic compounds

Physalis minima (Sunberry / Ground Cherry)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sunberry, Ground Cherry, Rasbhari, Wild Gooseberry
Family: Solanaceae
Raw Material Type:
Whole Plant (Aerial Parts), Fruits; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Withanolides (physalins – trace), Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Phenolic compounds, Vitamins (A, C), Minerals

Pimpinella anisum (Anise / Saunf-e-Rumi)
Common / Alternative Names:
Anise, Aniseed, Saunf-e-Rumi
Family: Apiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seeds (Fruits), Seed Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Anethole (major), Estragole (trace), Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Volatile oils

Piper chaba Hunter (Chavya / Javanese Long Pepper)
Common / Alternative Names:
Chavya, Chaba Pepper, Javanese Long Pepper
Family: Piperaceae
Raw Material Type:
Dried Stem & Fruits, Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Alkaloids (piperine-type), Essential oils, Lignans, Phenolic compounds

Piper cubeba (Cubeb Pepper / Kabab Chini)
Common / Alternative Names:
Cubeb Pepper, Kabab Chini, Java Pepper
Family: Piperaceae
Raw Material Type:
Dried Fruits (Berries), Fruit Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Cubebin, Cubebol, Volatile oils (sesquiterpenes), Lignans, Flavonoids, Resins

Piper longum (Long Pepper / Pippali)
Common / Alternative Names:
Long Pepper, Pippali, Indian Long Pepper
Family: Piperaceae
Raw Material Type:
Dried Fruits (Spikes), Root (Pippalimula); Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Piperine, Piperlongumine, Essential oils, Alkaloids, Lignans

Phoenix sylvestris (Wild Date Palm / Khajur)
Common / Alternative Names:
Wild Date Palm, Indian Date Palm, Khajur, Tadi
Family: Arecaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruit, Sap (Neera), Fruit Powder, Syrup/Jaggery, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Natural sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), Dietary fiber, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Vitamins (B-complex), Minerals (Iron, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium)

Phaseolus radiatus (syn. Vigna radiata)
(Green Gram / Mung Bean)
Common / Alternative Names:
Green Gram, Mung Bean, Moong
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seeds (Beans), Sprouted Seeds, Bean Powder, Protein/Fiber Fractions, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Plant protein, Dietary fiber, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Vitamins (B-complex, Folate), Minerals (Iron, Magnesium, Potassium), Resistant starch

Phaseolus mungo (syn. Vigna mungo)
(Black Gram / Urad Bean)
Common / Alternative Names:
Black Gram, Urad, Urad Dal
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seeds (Beans), Seed Powder/Flour, Protein & Fiber Fractions, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Plant protein, Dietary fiber, Resistant starch, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Minerals (Iron, Calcium, Magnesium), B-complex vitamins

Phaseolus lunatus (Lima Bean / Butter Bean)
Common / Alternative Names:
Lima Bean, Butter Bean
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seeds (Beans), Bean Flour/Powder, Extract (processed)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Plant protein, Dietary fiber, Complex carbohydrates, Polyphenols, Minerals (Potassium, Magnesium, Iron), B-complex vitamins

Phaseolus aureus (syn. Vigna radiata)
(Green Gram / Mung Bean)
Common / Alternative Names:
Green Gram, Mung Bean, Moong
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seeds (Beans), Sprouted Seeds, Bean Powder/Flour, Protein & Fiber Fractions, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Plant protein, Dietary fiber, Resistant starch, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Vitamins (B-complex, Folate), Minerals (Iron, Magnesium, Potassium)

Pennisetum typhoideum (syn. Pennisetum glaucum)
(Pearl Millet / Bajra)
Common / Alternative Names:
Pearl Millet, Bajra
Family: Poaceae
Raw Material Type:
Grain (Seeds), Whole Grain Flour, Malted Flour, Fiber & Starch Fractions, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Complex carbohydrates, Dietary fiber, Plant protein, Polyphenols, Iron, Zinc, Magnesium, B-complex vitamins

Pedalium murex (Gokhru / Large Caltrops)
Common / Alternative Names:
Gokhru (Bada Gokhru), Gokharu, Large Caltrops
Family: Pedaliaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruit (Pods), Whole Plant; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Saponins, Alkaloids, Phenolic compounds, Glycosides

Paspalum scrobiculatum (Kodo Millet)
Common / Alternative Names:
Kodo Millet, Kodra, Arikelu
Family: Poaceae
Raw Material Type:
Grain (Seeds), Whole Grain Flour, Malted Flour, Fiber & Starch Fractions, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Complex carbohydrates, Dietary fiber, Plant protein, Polyphenols, Minerals (Iron, Calcium, Magnesium), B-complex vitamins

Parmelia perlata (Stone Flower / Kalpasi / Dagad Phool)
Common / Alternative Names:
Stone Flower, Kalpasi, Dagad Phool, Pathar Phool
Family: Parmeliaceae
Raw Material Type:
Lichen (Whole Thallus); Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Lichen acids (Usnic acid – trace), Atranorin, Lecanoric acid, Phenolic compounds

Pandanus odoratissimus (Kewda / Screw Pine)
Common / Alternative Names:
Kewda, Screwpine, Pandanus
Family: Pandanaceae
Raw Material Type:
Flowers (Male Inflorescence), Leaves; Essential Oil, Floral Water, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Volatile aromatic compounds (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline), Terpenoids, Phenolic compounds

Panax pseudoginseng (syn. Panax notoginseng)
(Notoginseng / Sanqi / Pseudo Ginseng)
Common / Alternative Names:
Notoginseng, Sanqi, Tianqi, Pseudo Ginseng
Family: Araliaceae
Raw Material Type:
Root & Rhizome, Root Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Ginsenosides (Notoginsenoside R1, Rg1, Rb1), Saponins, Polysaccharides, Flavonoids

Paederia foetida (Gandha Prasarini / Skunk Vine)
Common / Alternative Names:
Gandha Prasarini, Skunk Vine, Stink Vine
Family: Rubiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Whole Plant (Leaves, Stem), Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Iridoid glycosides (Paederoside), Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Volatile sulfur compounds, Phenolic compounds

Oxalis corniculata (Indian Sorrel / Creeping Wood Sorrel)
Common / Alternative Names:
Indian Sorrel, Creeping Wood Sorrel, Changeri
Family: Oxalidaceae
Raw Material Type:
Whole Plant (Aerial Parts), Leaves; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Organic acids (Oxalic acid), Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, Tannins

Origanum majorana (Sweet Marjoram)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sweet Marjoram, Marjoram
Family: Lamiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Aerial Parts (Leaves & Flowering Tops); Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Volatile oils (Terpinen-4-ol, Sabinene, γ-Terpinene), Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Tannins

Orchis latifolia (Salab Panja / Marsh Orchid)
Common / Alternative Names:
Salab Panja, Marsh Orchid
Family: Orchidaceae
Raw Material Type:
Tuber (Root); Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Mucilage (glucomannans), Polysaccharides, Starch, Phenolic compounds, Trace alkaloids

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (syn. Cordyceps sinensis)
(Cordyceps / Yartsa Gunbu)
Common / Alternative Names:
Cordyceps, Yartsa Gunbu, Caterpillar Fungus
Family: Ophiocordycipitaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fungal Fruiting Body / Mycelium; Dry Powder, Standardized Extract (cultivated or wild-source equivalents)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Cordycepin, Adenosine, Polysaccharides (β-glucans), Sterols, Peptides, Trace nucleosides

Operculina turpethum (Trivrit / Nishoth)
Common / Alternative Names:
Trivrit, Nishoth, Indian Jalap
Family: Convolvulaceae
Raw Material Type:
Root (Tuberous Root), Root Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Resin glycosides (Turpethin), Jalapin, Flavonoids, Triterpenoids

Olea europaea (Olive)
Common / Alternative Names:
Olive, Zaitoon
Family: Oleaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruit, Leaves; Olive Oil (Virgin/Extra Virgin), Leaf Powder, Standardized Leaf Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
– Fruit/Oil: Oleic acid (MUFA), Polyphenols (Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol), Tocopherols (Vitamin E), Squalene
– Leaves: Oleuropein, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids

Opuntia vulgaris (syn. Opuntia ficus-indica)
(Prickly Pear / Nopal / Nagphani)
Common / Alternative Names:
Prickly Pear, Nopal Cactus, Nagphani
Family: Cactaceae
Raw Material Type:
Cladodes (Pads), Fruit; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Juice Powder
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Polysaccharides (mucilage), Dietary fiber, Betalains, Flavonoids, Vitamin C, Minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium)

Ocimum sanctum (syn. Ocimum tenuiflorum)
(Holy Basil / Tulsi)
Common / Alternative Names:
Tulsi, Holy Basil, Sacred Basil
Family: Lamiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Leaves, Aerial Parts; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Eugenol, Ursolic acid, Rosmarinic acid, Apigenin, Linalool, Flavonoids, Triterpenoids

Ocimum gratissimum (Clove Basil / African Basil)
Common / Alternative Names:
Clove Basil, African Basil, Ram Tulsi
Family: Lamiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Leaves, Aerial Parts; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Eugenol (major), Thymol, Linalool, Flavonoids, Tannins, Phenolic compounds

Nilgirianthus ciliatus (Sahachara / Blue Fox Tail)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sahachara, Blue Fox Tail
Family: Acanthaceae
Raw Material Type:
Whole Plant (Aerial Parts), Leaves; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Triterpenoids

Nigella sativa (Black Seed / Kalonji)
Common / Alternative Names:
Black Seed, Black Cumin, Kalonji, Habbatul Barakah
Family: Ranunculaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seeds; Seed Powder, Cold-Pressed Seed Oil, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Thymoquinone, Nigellone, Thymohydroquinone, Alkaloids, Saponins, Fixed oils

Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus / Kamal)
Common / Alternative Names:
Lotus, Sacred Lotus, Kamal, Padma
Family: Nelumbonaceae
Raw Material Type:
Flowers, Seeds, Seed Embryo, Rhizome, Leaves; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Alkaloids (Nuciferine), Flavonoids, Polyphenols, Tannins, Glycosides, Starch (rhizome), Proteins (seeds)

Myristica malabarica (Bombay Mace / Rampatri)
Common / Alternative Names:
Bombay Mace, Rampatri, Malabar Nutmeg
Family: Myristicaceae
Raw Material Type:
Aril (Mace), Seed; Dry Powder, Oleoresin, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Essential oils (Myristicin, Elemicin – low), Lignans, Fixed oils, Phenolic compounds, Flavonoids

Murraya koenigii (Curry Leaf / Meetha Neem)
Common / Alternative Names:
Curry Leaf, Meetha Neem, Karivepallai
Family: Rutaceae
Raw Material Type:
Leaves (Primary), Stem Bark; Dry Leaf Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Carbazole alkaloids (Mahanimbine, Girinimbine), Flavonoids, Polyphenols, Terpenoids, Vitamins (A, C), Minerals (Iron, Calcium)

Mentha spicata (Spearmint)
Common / Alternative Names:
Spearmint, Garden Mint, Pudina (Spearmint type)
Family: Lamiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Leaves & Aerial Parts; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Carvone (major), Limonene, Menthone (trace), Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Tannins

Mentha piperita (Peppermint)
Common / Alternative Names:
Peppermint, Pudina (Peppermint)
Family: Lamiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Leaves & Aerial Parts; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Menthol, Menthone, Menthyl acetate, 1,8-Cineole, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids

Mesua ferrea (Nagkesar / Ironwood Tree)
Common / Alternative Names:
Nagkesar, Nag Champa, Ceylon Ironwood
Family: Calophyllaceae (formerly Guttiferae / Clusiaceae)
Raw Material Type:
Stamens (Primary), Seeds; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Fixed Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Tannins, Xanthones, Phenolic compounds, Fixed oils (seed), Terpenoids

Mimusops elengi (Bakula / Spanish Cherry)
Common / Alternative Names:
Bakula, Maulsari, Spanish Cherry
Family: Sapotaceae
Raw Material Type:
Bark, Flowers, Fruits, Seeds; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Triterpenoids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloids, Phenolic compounds

Mimosa pudica (Sensitive Plant / Lajjalu)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sensitive Plant, Lajjalu, Chui-Mui
Family: Fabaceae (formerly Mimosaceae)
Raw Material Type:
Whole Plant, Leaves, Roots; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Alkaloids (Mimosine – trace), Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Phenolic compounds

Mimusops hexandra (Syn.: Manilkara hexandra)
Common names: Khirni, Rayan, Indian Medlar (regional)
Botanical profile (for manufacturing use):
Evergreen medicinal tree of the Sapotaceae family. The bark, leaves, seeds, fruit pulp, and seed oil are used in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and herbal formulations.
Key phytoconstituents:
Tannins, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, sterols, fatty acids (seed oil), natural sugars.
Functional properties (technical):
Astringent, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, wound-healing, nutritive tonic.

Momordica charantia
Common names: Bitter Gourd, Bitter Melon, Karela
Botanical profile (for manufacturing use):
Medicinal climber of the Cucurbitaceae family. Fruit, seeds, leaves, and whole plant extracts are widely used in nutraceutical, herbal, and pharmaceutical formulations.
Key phytoconstituents:
Charantin, polypeptide-P (plant insulin), vicine, cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins.
Functional properties (technical):
Antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, digestive stimulant, immunomodulatory.

Moringa oleifera Lam.
Common names: Drumstick Tree, Moringa, Sahjan, Miracle Tree
Botanical profile (for manufacturing use):
Fast-growing medicinal tree of the Moringaceae family. Leaves, seeds, pods, flowers, and seed oil are widely used in nutraceutical, herbal, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic manufacturing.
Key phytoconstituents:
Vitamins (A, C, E, B-complex), minerals (calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, amino acids, polyphenols.
Functional properties (technical):
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, hepatoprotective, nutritive tonic.

Limonia acidissima (Wood Apple)
Common / Alternative Names:
Wood Apple, Elephant Apple, Kaitha, Kathbel
Family:
Rutaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruit Pulp, Rind (Shell), Leaves; Dry Powder, Spray-Dried Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Tannins, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Coumarins, Pectins, Organic acids, Vitamins (notably Vitamin C), Minerals

Jasminum auriculatum (Juhi / Indian Jasmine)
Common / Alternative Names:
Juhi, Indian Jasmine, Yuthika
Family:
Oleaceae
Raw Material Type:
Flowers, Leaves; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil (Absolute)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Volatile oils (benzyl acetate, linalool, jasmine lactones), Flavonoids, Secoiridoid glycosides, Phenolic compounds