Zingiber officinale
Chemical / Technical Name:
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Family: Zingiberaceae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Ginger, Adrak (Hindi), Sonth (Dry Ginger), Sheng Jiang (Chinese), Ingwer
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Nutraceutical & Ayurvedic ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Rhizome (fresh or dried) / Powder / Standardized extract / Oleoresin / Essential oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Gingerols (6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol)
Shogaols (6-shogaol – higher in dried extracts)
Zingerone
Volatile oils (zingiberene, β-bisabolene, camphene)
Polyphenols and antioxidants

Zizyphus jujuba
Chemical / Technical Name:
Zizyphus jujuba Mill. (Syn.: Ziziphus jujuba) — Family: Rhamnaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Jujube, Chinese Date, Red Date, Ber (Hindi), Annab (Persian/Arabic)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Nutraceutical & Ayurvedic ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Fruit (pericarp & pulp) / Seed (kernel) / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Triterpenic acids (jujubosides A & B — mainly in seeds)
Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol derivatives)
Polysaccharides (jujube polysaccharides)
Saponins
Vitamins (Vitamin C, B-complex)
Minerals (potassium, iron, magnesium)

Zizyphus nummularia
Chemical / Technical Name:
Zizyphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. — Family: Rhamnaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Wild Jujube, Jhar Ber, Bhuk Ber, Desert Jujube, Chhoti Ber
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Ayurvedic & nutraceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Leaves / Fruit / Bark / Root / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Cyclopeptide alkaloids (nummularine, ziziphine)
Flavonoids (quercetin, rutin derivatives)
Triterpenoids (betulinic acid, oleanolic acid)
Saponins
Tannins and phenolic compounds

Woodfordia fruticosa
Chemical / Technical Name:
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz — Family: Lythraceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Dhataki, Dhawai, Fire-Flame Bush, Scarlet Bottlebrush, Ban Mahendi
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Ayurvedic & nutraceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Flowers (primary part used) / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Tannins (ellagitannins, gallotannins)
Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol derivatives)
Phenolic acids
Glycosides
Natural fermentable sugars (supportive role in traditional formulations)

Withania somnifera
Chemical / Technical Name:
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal — Family: Solanaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Ashwagandha, Indian Ginseng, Winter Cherry, Asgand, Amukkara (Tamil)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Adaptogenic herbal active / Nutraceutical & Ayurvedic ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Root (primary part used) / Leaves (secondary) / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Withanolides (withaferin A, withanolide A, withanone)
Alkaloids (somniferine, anaferine)
Sitoindosides (glycowithanolides)
Steroidal lactones
Amino acids and trace minerals

Withania coagulans
Chemical / Technical Name:
Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal — Family: Solanaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Indian Rennet, Paneer Dodi, Vegetable Rennet, Akri, Punir Band
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Nutraceutical & Ayurvedic ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Fruits (primary part used) / Seeds / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Withanolides (withanolide A, withacoagulins)
Steroidal lactones
Alkaloids
Saponins
Enzyme-like coagulating principles (traditionally used for milk coagulation)

Vitex negundo
Chemical / Technical Name:
Vitex negundo L. — Family: Lamiaceae (formerly Verbenaceae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Nirgundi, Five-Leaved Chaste Tree, Sambhalu, Sindhuvara, Monk’s Pepper (Indian)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Ayurvedic & nutraceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Leaves (primary) / Seeds / Roots / Bark / Powder / Standardized extract / Essential oil (leaves)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids (casticin, vitexin, isovitexin)
Iridoid glycosides (agnuside, negundoside)
Volatile oils (sabinene, β-caryophyllene, limonene)
Triterpenoids
Phenolic compounds

Vitex agnus-castus
Chemical / Technical Name:
Vitex agnus-castus L. — Family: Lamiaceae (formerly Verbenaceae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Chaste Tree, Chasteberry, Monk’s Pepper, Agnus Castus, Abraham’s Balm
Category:
Botanical raw material / Hormone-modulating herbal active / Nutraceutical & phytopharmaceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Fruits (berries – primary part used) / Seeds / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Iridoid glycosides (agnuside, aucubin)
Flavonoids (casticin, isovitexin)
Diterpenes (clerodadienols – dopaminergic activity)
Essential oils (minor fraction)
Phenolic compounds

Viola odorata
Chemical / Technical Name:
Viola odorata L. — Family: Violaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Sweet Violet, English Violet, Banafsha (Hindi/Urdu), Garden Violet
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Unani, Ayurvedic & nutraceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Flowers (primary) / Leaves / Whole aerial parts / Powder / Standardized extract / Syrup base
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids (violanthin, rutin, quercetin derivatives)
Saponins
Mucilage polysaccharides
Alkaloids (violine – trace levels)
Phenolic acids
Volatile aromatic compounds (minor fraction)

Veronica officinalis
Chemical / Technical Name:
Veronica officinalis L. — Family: Plantaginaceae
(Syn. family in older literature: Scrophulariaceae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Common Speedwell, Heath Speedwell, Groundwell, Paul’s Betony
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Nutraceutical & phytopharmaceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Aerial parts (leaves & flowering tops) / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Iridoid glycosides (aucubin, catalpol)
Phenylethanoid glycosides (verproside, acteoside)
Flavonoids (luteolin, apigenin derivatives)
Tannins
Bitter principles and phenolic acids

Valeriana jatamansi
Chemical / Technical Name:
Valeriana jatamansi Jones (Syn.: Valeriana wallichii) — Family: Caprifoliaceae
(Older classification: Valerianaceae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Indian Valerian, Jatamansi (small), Tagar (regional), Sugandhbala
Category:
Botanical raw material / Nervine & sedative herbal active / Nutraceutical & Ayurvedic ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Rhizomes & roots (primary parts used) / Powder / Standardized extract / Essential oil (limited use)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Sesquiterpenes (jatamansone / valeranone)
Valepotriates (didrovaltrate, acevaltrate – trace, unstable)
Volatile oils (patchouli alcohol–like components, borneol)
Iridoids and alkaloids
Phenolic compounds

Urginea indica
Chemical / Technical Name:
Urginea indica Kunth — Family: Asparagaceae
(Syn.: Drimia indica)
Common / Alternative Names:
Indian Squill, Jangli Pyaz, Van Palandu, Kolkand
Category:
Botanical raw material / Cardioactive & expectorant herbal active / Pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Bulbs (primary part used) / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides: scillaren A, proscillaridin-like compounds)
Steroidal saponins
Flavonoids
Phenolic compounds
Mucilage and sugars

Trichosanthes bracteata
Chemical / Technical Name:
Trichosanthes bracteata Voigt — Family: Cucurbitaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Indrayan (White), Jangli Padwal, Wild Snake Gourd (regional), Bracted Trichosanthes
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Roots / Fruits / Leaves / Whole plant / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Cucurbitacins (bitter triterpenoids – controlled levels)
Flavonoids and polyphenols
Saponins
Glycosides
Phenolic acids

Tinospora cordifolia (often written as Tinospora cardifolia)
Chemical / Technical Name:
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson — Family: Menispermaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Guduchi, Giloy, Amrita, Heart-Leaved Moonseed
Category:
Botanical raw material / Immunomodulatory & adaptogenic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Stems (primary part used) / Leaves / Roots (limited) / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Diterpenoid lactones (tinosporide, cordifolide, cordifol)
Alkaloids (berberine traces, magnoflorine)
Glycosides (tinocordiside)
Polysaccharides (immunomodulatory fractions)
Phenolics and flavonoids

Typhonium trilobatum
Chemical / Technical Name:
Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott — Family: Araceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Bishkachu, Bengal Arum, Indian Arum, Ghet Kachu (regional)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic & folk herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Rhizomes & tubers (primary parts used) / Leaves / Whole plant / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Alkaloids (low-molecular-weight, bioactive)
Saponins
Flavonoids and phenolic compounds
Glycosides
Calcium oxalate crystals (raw material—requires detoxification processing)

Trichosanthes dioica
Chemical / Technical Name:
Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. — Family: Cucurbitaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Pointed Gourd, Parwal, Potol, Parval
Category:
Botanical raw material / Functional nutrition & herbal active / Ayurvedic & nutraceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Fruits (primary) / Leaves / Seeds / Roots / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids and polyphenols
Saponins
Alkaloids (trace)
Cucurbitane-type compounds (trace, controlled)
Dietary fiber
Vitamins (A, C) and minerals (potassium, magnesium)

Trichosanthes anguina
Chemical / Technical Name:
Trichosanthes anguina L. — Family: Cucurbitaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Snake Gourd, Chichinda (Hindi), Padwal (regional), Serpent Gourd
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active & functional nutrition ingredient / Ayurvedic & nutraceutical support material
Raw Material Type:
Fruits (primary) / Leaves / Seeds / Roots / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Cucurbitacins (trace, controlled levels)
Flavonoids and polyphenols
Saponins
Proteins and amino acids
Dietary fiber
Vitamins (A, C) and minerals (potassium, magnesium)

Tricholepis glaberrima (Brahmadandi) is a traditional Ayurvedic medicinal herb, highly valued for its role in classical formulations related to vitality, rejuvenation, musculoskeletal wellness, and adaptogenic support.
It is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicines, nutraceuticals, herbal supplements, and pharmaceutical-support formulations, particularly in tonics, Rasayana-based products, and strength-oriented blends.

Trapa bispinosa
Chemical / Technical Name:
Trapa bispinosa Roxb. — Family: Lythraceae (formerly Trapaceae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Water Chestnut, Singhara, Indian Water Chestnut, Paniphal
Category:
Botanical raw material / Functional nutrition ingredient / Ayurvedic & nutraceutical support material
Raw Material Type:
Fruits (nuts) / Kernels / Flour / Powder / Starch / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Complex carbohydrates (starch-rich)
Dietary fiber
Proteins (moderate)
Polyphenols and flavonoids
Minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron)
Vitamins (B-complex, trace vitamin C)

Trachyspermum ammi
Chemical / Technical Name:
Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague — Family: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Ajwain, Carom Seeds, Bishop’s Weed, Omam (Tamil)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Aromatic herbal active / Nutraceutical, Ayurvedic & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Fruits (seeds – primary part used) / Powder / Standardized extract / Essential oil (steam-distilled)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Volatile oil (2–5%): Thymol (35–60%), carvacrol
p-Cymene, γ-terpinene
Flavonoids
Phenolic compounds
Fixed oils (minor fraction)

Tilia cordata
Chemical / Technical Name:
Tilia cordata Mill. — Family: Malvaceae (formerly Tiliaceae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Small-Leaved Linden, Littleleaf Linden, Lime Tree (European), Linden Blossom
Category:
Botanical raw material / Nervine & sedative herbal active / Nutraceutical & phytopharmaceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Flowers (primary medicinal part) / Bracts / Leaves / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids (tiliroside, quercetin, kaempferol derivatives)
Volatile aromatic compounds (farnesol – trace)
Mucilage polysaccharides
Phenolic acids
Tannins (mild, astringent fraction)

Thalictrum foliolosum
Chemical / Technical Name:
Thalictrum foliolosum DC. — Family: Ranunculaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Mamiran (Indian), Meadow Rue (regional reference), Pilijari (trade usage)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Ayurvedic, Unani & nutraceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Roots & rhizomes (primary parts used) / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Isoquinoline alkaloids (berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine – predominant)
Protoberberine alkaloids
Flavonoids and phenolic compounds
Bitter principles

Tetragonia expansa (Syn.: Tetragonia tetragonioides)
Chemical / Technical Name:
Tetragonia expansa Murray — Family: Aizoaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
New Zealand Spinach, Warrigal Greens, Sea Spinach
Category:
Botanical raw material / Nutraceutical & functional nutrition ingredient / Pharmaceutical-support material
Raw Material Type:
Leaves & tender aerial parts / Powder / Dehydrated flakes / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Vitamins: Vitamin C, provitamin A (β-carotene), folates
Minerals: iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium
Polyphenols and flavonoids
Chlorophyll
Dietary fiber
Organic acids (including oxalates – controlled levels)

Terminalia tomentosa (Syn.: Terminalia elliptica)
Chemical / Technical Name:
Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. (Syn.: Terminalia elliptica Willd.) — Family: Combretaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Asana, Arjuna (Asana), Saj, Ain, Indian Laurel (trade usage)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Bark (primary part used) / Heartwood / Leaves / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Tannins (ellagitannins, gallic acid derivatives)
Flavonoids
Triterpenoids
Phenolic compounds
Lignans and glycosides

Terminalia bellirica (often written as Terminalia belerica)
Chemical / Technical Name:
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. — Family: Combretaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Bibhitaki, Baheda, Bahera, Beleric Myrobalan
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Fruits (pericarp – primary part used) / Seeds / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Tannins (gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulagic-type tannins)
Polyphenols and flavonoids
Lignans
Fatty acids (seed fraction)
Trace minerals

Teramnus labialis
Chemical / Technical Name:
Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng. — Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Mashaparni (one of the Dashamoola – Laghu Panchamoola group), Wild Indigo Vine, Teramnus
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Whole plant (primary part used) / Roots / Leaves / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids and isoflavonoids
Triterpenoids
Sterols (β-sitosterol)
Phenolic compounds
Proteins and polysaccharides

Tephrosia purpurea
Chemical / Technical Name:
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. — Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sharpunkha, Purple Tephrosia, Wild Indigo (Indian), Sarphonkha
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Whole plant (primary) / Leaves / Roots / Seeds / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids (tephrosin, deguelin, rotenoids – controlled levels)
Isoflavones
Triterpenoids
Sterols
Phenolic compounds

Taraxacum officinale
Chemical / Technical Name:
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. — Family: Asteraceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Dandelion, Lion’s Tooth, Blowball, Dudhal (regional), Pu Gong Ying (TCM)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Nutraceutical & phytopharmaceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Roots (primary for liver support) / Leaves (diuretic use) / Whole plant / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Sesquiterpene lactones (taraxacin, taraxacerin)
Phenolic acids (chicoric acid, caffeic acid)
Flavonoids (luteolin, apigenin derivatives)
Triterpenes (taraxasterol, β-amyrin)
Inulin (root polysaccharide)
Minerals (potassium – especially in leaves)

Tamarindus indica
Chemical / Technical Name:
Tamarindus indica L. — Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Tamarind, Imli (Hindi), Asam Jawa, Indian Date
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active & functional nutrition ingredient / Pharmaceutical-support material
Raw Material Type:
Fruit pulp / Seeds / Seed coat / Leaves / Bark / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Organic acids (tartaric acid – major, citric, malic acids)
Polyphenols (procyanidins, catechins)
Pectins and polysaccharides
Sugars (glucose, fructose)
Minerals (potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron)
Fatty acids (seed oil fraction)

Tacca aspera
Chemical / Technical Name:
Tacca aspera Roxb. — Family: Dioscoreaceae (formerly Taccaceae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Wild Arrowroot, Forest Tacca, Asiatic Tacca (regional names vary)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Nutraceutical & traditional medicine ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Tubers (primary part used) / Rhizomes / Powder / Starch / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Starch and complex carbohydrates (arrowroot-type polysaccharides)
Steroidal compounds (taccalonolides – trace, species-dependent)
Flavonoids and phenolic compounds
Dietary fiber
Trace minerals

Symplocos racemosa (often written as Symplocos racemose)
Chemical / Technical Name:
Symplocos racemosa Roxb. — Family: Symplocaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Lodhra, Rodhra, Lodh, Tilaka Tree
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Bark (primary part used) / Leaves / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Alkaloids (loturine, colloturine)
Glycosides
Flavonoids and phenolic compounds
Tannins (astringent fraction)
Saponins and trace minerals

Swertia chirayita
Chemical / Technical Name:
Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H. Karst. — Family: Gentianaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Chirayata, Chirata, Indian Gentian, Kirata Tikta
Category:
Botanical raw material / Bitter tonic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Whole plant (aerial parts & stem) / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Secoiridoid glycosides (swertiamarin, amarogentin)
Xanthones (mangiferin, swerchirin)
Bitter principles
Flavonoids and phenolic compounds
Trace alkaloids

Strychnos potatorum
Chemical / Technical Name:
Strychnos potatorum L.f. — Family: Loganiaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Clearing Nut Tree, Nirmali, Kataka, Nelmalai (Tamil)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Seeds (primary part used) / Bark / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Alkaloids (diaboline, brucine derivatives – non-strychnine species, strychnine absent or negligible)
Polysaccharides and mucilage
Proteins and coagulating principles
Flavonoids and phenolic compounds

Selinum tenuifolium
Chemical / Technical Name:
Selinum tenuifolium Wall. ex C.B.Clarke — Family: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Bhutkeshi, Himalayan Spikenard (trade usage – not Nardostachys), Thin-leaved Selinum
Category:
Botanical raw material / Aromatic herbal active / Ayurvedic & nutraceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Roots & rhizomes (primary parts used) / Powder / Standardized extract / Essential oil (limited)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Volatile oils (terpenoids, sesquiterpenes)
Coumarins
Phenolic compounds
Flavonoids
Resinous aromatic principles

Spinacia oleracea
Chemical / Technical Name:
Spinacia oleracea L. — Family: Amaranthaceae (formerly Chenopodiaceae)
Common / Alternative Names:
Spinach, Palak (Hindi), Garden Spinach
Category:
Botanical raw material / Nutraceutical & functional nutrition ingredient / Pharmaceutical-support excipient
Raw Material Type:
Leaves (primary part used) / Powder / Dehydrated flakes / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Vitamins: A (β-carotene), C, E, K, folate
Minerals: iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium
Chlorophyll
Carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin)
Flavonoids and phenolic acids
Nitrates (naturally occurring, controlled levels)

Sphaeranthus indicus
Chemical / Technical Name:
Sphaeranthus indicus L. — Family: Asteraceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Gorakhmundi, Mundi, East Indian Globe Thistle, Kottaikkarantai (Tamil)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Whole plant (aerial parts & flowers) / Powder / Standardized extract / Essential oil (flowers – limited use)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Sesquiterpene lactones (sphaeranthanolide)
Essential oils (eudesmanolides, ocimene derivatives)
Flavonoids (quercetin derivatives)
Alkaloids
Phenolic compounds

Solanum indicum
Chemical / Technical Name:
Solanum indicum L. — Family: Solanaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Brihati, Indian Nightshade, Badi Kateri, Kantakari (one of the Dashamoola group – Brihati)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Ayurvedic herbal active / Nutraceutical & pharmaceutical-support ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Fruits (primary) / Roots / Whole plant / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Steroidal alkaloids (solasonine, solamargine)
Saponins
Flavonoids
Phenolic compounds
Glycoalkaloids (controlled levels required)

Smilax china
Chemical / Technical Name:
Smilax china L. — Family: Smilacaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
China Root, Chobchini, Indian Sarsaparilla (trade usage), Tu Fu Ling (Chinese)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Ayurvedic, TCM & nutraceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Rhizomes & roots (primary parts used) / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Steroidal saponins (smilagenin, sarsasapogenin derivatives)
Flavonoids and polyphenols
Phytosterols
Resinous compounds
Trace alkaloids and minerals

Sisymbrium irio (often misspelled as “Sisimbrium rio”)
Chemical / Technical Name:
Sisymbrium irio L. — Family: Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)
Common / Alternative Names:
London Rocket, Khubkalam, Jangli Sarson, Taramira (regional usage)
Category:
Botanical raw material / Herbal active / Unani, Ayurvedic & nutraceutical ingredient
Raw Material Type:
Whole plant / Leaves / Seeds / Powder / Standardized extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Glucosinolates (sinigrin-type compounds)
Isothiocyanates (upon enzymatic hydrolysis)
Flavonoids and phenolic acids
Fatty acids (seed oil fraction)
Minerals and trace elements

Setaria italica
Chemical / Technical Name:
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. — Family: Poaceae
Common / Alternative Names:
Foxtail Millet, Italian Millet, Kangni (Hindi), Thinai (Tamil), Kakum, Navane
Category:
Botanical raw material / Cereal-based nutraceutical ingredient / Functional food component
Raw Material Type:
Seeds (grains) / Flour / Powder / Extract (aqueous or enzymatic fractions)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Complex carbohydrates (slow-digesting starch)
Dietary fiber (soluble & insoluble)
Proteins (rich in methionine and cysteine compared to other cereals)
Polyphenols and flavonoids
Minerals (iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc)
B-vitamins (niacin, thiamine)

Sesamum indicum (Sesame / Til)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sesame, Til, Gingelly, Benne, Simsim
Family: Pedaliaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seed, Seed Powder, Seed Extract, Cold-Pressed Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Sesamin, Sesamolin, Sesamol (lignans), Tocopherols (Vitamin E), Polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-6), Phytosterols, Minerals (Calcium, Iron, Magnesium)

Semicarpus anacardium (Bhallataka / Marking Nut)
Common / Alternative Names:
Bhallataka, Marking Nut, Oriental Cashew
Family: Anacardiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Nut (Seed), Purified Nut Powder (Shodhit Bhallataka), Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Bhallatakins, Anacardic acids, Cardol, Phenolic compounds, Flavonoids

aussurea lappa (Kuth / Costus Root)
Common / Alternative Names:
Kuth, Costus Root, Indian Costus, Kushta
Family: Asteraceae
Raw Material Type:
Root, Root Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract, Essential Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Sesquiterpene lactones (Costunolide, Dehydrocostus lactone), Alkaloids, Essential oils, Resins

Saraca asoca (Ashoka Tree)
Common / Alternative Names:
Ashoka, Asoka, Ashok Briksha
Family: Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae)
Raw Material Type:
Bark (Primary), Flowers, Leaves; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Tannins, Glycosides, Phenolic compounds, Catechins

Santalum album (Indian Sandalwood)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sandalwood, Chandan, White Sandalwood
Family: Santalaceae
Raw Material Type:
Heartwood, Wood Powder, Essential Oil (Steam Distilled)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
α-Santalol, β-Santalol, Sesquiterpenes, Phenolic compounds

Salacia chinensis (Saptarangi / Chinese Salacia)
Common / Alternative Names:
Saptarangi, Chinese Salacia, Ponkoranti, Saptrangi
Family: Celastraceae
Raw Material Type:
Root, Stem, Bark; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Salacinol, Kotalanol, Mangiferin, Polyphenols, Flavonoids

Salix alba (White Willow)
Common / Alternative Names:
White Willow, Willow Bark
Family: Salicaceae
Raw Material Type:
Bark; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Salicin, Salicylates, Flavonoids, Polyphenols, Tannins

Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane)
Common / Alternative Names:
Sugarcane, Ganna, Ikshu
Family: Poaceae
Raw Material Type:
Stem (Juice), Juice Concentrate, Dry Powder, Extract, Jaggery (Unrefined)
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Organic acids, Minerals (Iron, Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium)

Rubia cordifolia (Manjistha / Indian Madder)
Common / Alternative Names:
Manjistha, Indian Madder, Majith
Family: Rubiaceae
Raw Material Type:
Root, Root Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Anthraquinones (Manjistin, Purpurin), Glycosides, Triterpenoids, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds

Roscoea procera (Kakoli / Indian Roscoea)
Common / Alternative Names:
Kakoli, Indian Roscoea
Family: Zingiberaceae
Raw Material Type:
Rhizome / Tuber, Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Glycosides, Starches, Trace alkaloids

Rosa alba (White Rose)
Common / Alternative Names:
White Rose, Safed Gulab
Family: Rosaceae
Raw Material Type:
Flowers (Petals), Flower Powder, Flower Extract, Rose Water, Rose Oil
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins (trace), Tannins, Volatile aromatic compounds

Rheum emodi (Indian Rhubarb / Revand Chini)
Common / Alternative Names:
Indian Rhubarb, Revand Chini, Himalayan Rhubarb
Family: Polygonaceae
Raw Material Type:
Rhizome / Root, Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Anthraquinones (Emodin, Rhein, Chrysophanol, Aloe-emodin), Tannins, Phenolic compounds

Putranjiva roxburghii (Putranjiva / Child-Life Tree)
Common / Alternative Names:
Putranjiva, Putrajeevak, Child-Life Tree
Family: Putranjivaceae
Raw Material Type:
Seeds (Primary), Leaves, Bark; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Glucosinolates, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Fixed oils, Phenolic compounds

Pyrus communis (Pear)
Common / Alternative Names:
Pear, European Pear
Family: Rosaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruit, Fruit Powder, Fruit Juice Concentrate, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Dietary fiber (Pectin), Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Vitamin C, Organic acids (malic, citric), Natural sugars

Raphanus sativus (Radish / Mooli)
Common / Alternative Names:
Radish, Mooli, Daikon
Family: Brassicaceae
Raw Material Type:
Root, Seeds; Dry Powder, Standardized Extract, Juice Powder
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Glucosinolates (Raphanin), Isothiocyanates, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Vitamin C, Dietary fiber

Reinwardtia indica (Basanti / Yellow Flax)
Common / Alternative Names:
Basanti, Yellow Flax, Indian Yellow Flax
Family: Linaceae
Raw Material Type:
Whole Plant (Aerial Parts), Leaves & Flowers; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids, Glycosides, Phenolic compounds, Triterpenoids

Prunus armeniaca (Apricot)
Common / Alternative Names:
Apricot, Khubani
Family: Rosaceae
Raw Material Type:
Fruit, Kernel (Seed), Fruit Powder, Kernel Oil, Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Carotenoids (β-carotene), Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Fatty acids (oleic, linoleic – kernel oil), Minerals

Pterocarpus santalinus (Red Sandalwood / Rakta Chandan)
Common / Alternative Names:
Red Sandalwood, Rakta Chandan, Red Saunders
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Heartwood, Wood Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Santalins (A & B), Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Isoflavones

Pterocarpus marsupium (Indian Kino / Vijaysar)
Common / Alternative Names:
Vijaysar, Indian Kino Tree, Malabar Kino
Family: Fabaceae
Raw Material Type:
Heartwood, Bark; Wood Powder, Chips, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Pterostilbene, Marsupsin, Epicatechin, Flavonoids, Tannins

Psidium guajava (Guava)
Common / Alternative Names:
Guava, Guava Leaf, Amrood
Family: Myrtaceae
Raw Material Type:
Leaves, Fruit; Dry Powder, Standardized Herbal Extract
Key Active Constituents (Typical):
Flavonoids (Quercetin), Polyphenols, Tannins, Vitamin C, Lycopene (fruit)